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Care Companionfor CNS Disorders

Advancing primary care with essential peer-reviewed research and insights into CNS disorders

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Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian BSL-23
Original Research

July 21, 2026

Findings support the validity, reliability, and structural stability of the Brazilian version of the Borderline Symptom List 23, expanding access to the assessment of borderline symptoms in Brazil.
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PCC
Modafinil for Hypoactive Delirium in the ICU
Case Report

July 21, 2026

A 57-year-old woman with severe hypoactive delirium rapidly improved following a split-dosing strategy of modafinil.
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PCC
Mirtazapine-Induced Severe Hyponatremia
Case Report

July 16, 2026

A 30-year-old man developed severe hyponatremia after starting mirtazapine, highlighting the importance of closely monitoring sodium levels when starting any antidepressant in patients already taking oxcarbazepine.
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PCC
Cocaine-Associated Rectal Foreign Body Insertion
Case Report

July 16, 2026

This case highlights how recurrent surgical presentations related to substance-associated compulsive behavior can outpace sustained, longitudinal behavioral intervention, particularly when psychiatric and addiction care are not integrated early.
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PCC
Freeze Attacks in Stiff Person Spectrum Disorder
Case Report

July 14, 2026

A 43-year-old woman with stiff person spectrum disorder developed agoraphobia after “freeze attacks” in public, highlighting the need to screen these patients for anxiety and the role of CBT…
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PCC
Cardiovascular Disease and PTSD in Older Veterans
Original Research

July 14, 2026

Older veterans with comorbid CVD and PTSD have a markedly elevated burden of health and functional difficulties, underscoring the importance of integrated, trauma-informed care to improve outcomes in this…
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The Primary Care Companion journal cover featuring psychiatric research articles

Vol 28 • 2026 • Number 3

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Original Research

Primary Users of the VA Health Care System

Original Research

Lorazepam vs. Diazepam in AUD

Original Research

Readability of Self-Reported Psychosis Measures

Original Research

Prevalence of Anxiety in an Underserved Population

Review Article

Buprenorphine for Pain in Sickle Cell Disease

Rounds in the General Hospital

Differentiating Bipolar and Other Psychiatric Disorders
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Rounds in the General Hospital Rounds from Banner Alzheimer's Institute

Original Research

PCC
Tablet Preference and Adherence in Psychiatry
Original Research

June 30, 2026

This study evaluated preferences for tablet shape, size, and color among psychiatric outpatients and their relation to self-reported adherence.
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PCC
The Patient in the Mirror
Original Research

June 11, 2026

The authors describe the unique challenges physicians may experience when they become patients and examine common physician-as-patient themes portrayed in media, including implications for clinical practice and medical education.
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PCC
Global Research Trends in Community Psychiatry
Original Research

June 2, 2026

This bibliometric analysis identifies the practice-relevant areas most emphasized in the “community psychiatry” literature (2015–2025), which clinicians can use to prioritize local quality improvement targets aligned with current service…
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Review Articles

PCC
Pitfalls of Daily Fantasy Sports
Narrative Review

June 25, 2026

Daily fantasy sports are redefining gambling risk. This review examines addiction pathways, platform design, and mental health implications for vulnerable youth.
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PCC
MiRNAs as Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Narrative Review

April 30, 2026

This review highlights how microRNA dysregulation can shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric disorders and serve as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis.
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PCC
Lithium in Mood and Bipolar Disorders
Narrative Review

April 16, 2026

Long-term lithium treatment is associated with a meaningful reduction in suicide attempts and deaths, an advantage that is important to discuss with patients and families at elevated suicide risk.
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PCC
Role of tDCS in Autism
Meta-Analysis

March 12, 2026

Transcranial direct current stimulation improves core autism spectrum disorder symptoms, particularly social responsiveness and behavioral regulation, with stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex showing the greatest benefit.
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PCC
Gender-Affirming Surgery, Gender Dysphoria, and QOL
Review Article

November 11, 2025

Those who receive gender dysphoria treatment at a younger age may experience lower rates of suicidal ideation, underscoring potential mental health benefits of timely intervention.
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PCC
Improving Community Mental Health Care
Narrative Review

October 9, 2025

This review highlights critical areas for enhancing the quality and sustainability of community mental health services.
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Rounds in the General Hospital

PCC
The Meaning of Monitoring to Patients and their Families in Critical Care Units
Rounds in the General Hospital

July 7, 2026

Patients and family members in ICUs frequently focus on the numeric displays of monitoring devices to feel that they are in control, rather than adrift in a helpless situation.
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PCC
Communicating With Intubated Patients
Rounds in the General Hospital

July 2, 2026

Communication difficulties associated with critical illness and mechanical ventilation increase the likelihood of developing neuropsychiatric sequelae of critical illness and can worsen short- and long-term patient outcomes.
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PCC
Psychological Adverse Effects of Psychedelic Use
Rounds in the General Hospital

June 25, 2026

This case-based review explores psychological adverse effects of psychedelic use, covering risk factors, trauma history, phenomenology, and evidence-based management strategies for clinicians.
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PCC
Medical Complications of Psychedelics
Rounds in the General Hospital

June 23, 2026

This case-based review covers acute complications, drug interactions, and long-term safety across psilocybin, MDMA, ketamine, and ibogaine, with practical guidance for clinicians.
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PCC
Improving Cardiac Arrest Survivorship
Rounds in the General Hospital

June 4, 2026

Affective states and conditions such as anxiety, PTSD, and depression are common in those who have survived a cardiac arrest, and untreated psychiatric symptoms are associated with worse cardiac…
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PCC
Alcohol Use Disorders in Primary Care
Rounds in the General Hospital

May 21, 2026

Patients with major depressive disorder and a comorbid AUD often present with more severe manifestations, including thoughts of suicide, co-occurring personality disorders, and higher rates of smoking.
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Case Reports

PCC
Fluoxetine-Induced Liver Injury
Case Report

June 30, 2026

The authors report a case of fluoxetine-induced acute liver injury in a young woman to highlight the possibility of severe hepatic damage with a widely used antidepressant and emphasize…
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PCC
Medical and Cultural Approach to OCD
Case Report

June 23, 2026

This case demonstrates successful management of severe religious OCD through medication optimization and psychotherapy over an 18-month treatment period.
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PCC
Visual Snow Syndrome and Bupropion
Case Report

June 18, 2026

A patient in their 60s with advanced macular degeneration complicated by bilateral geographic atrophy presented with new-onset visual disturbances shortly after initiation of bupropion for depression.
PCC
Zolpidem for Severe Insomnia Associated With Delirium in Critical Illness
Case Report

June 11, 2026

A critically ill patient with sepsis and persistent delirium with treatment-refractory insomnia experienced rapid improvement in sleep continuity, delirium severity, and bedside cognitive performance with zolpidem.
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PCC
Catatonia Induced by D2R Antagonist Antiemetics
Case Report

June 4, 2026

The authors describe a rare case of catatonia correlated with abuse of D2R antagonist antiemetic medications in a 52-year-old man with multiple sclerosis.
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PCC
Psychosis in Japanese Encephalitis
Case Report

June 2, 2026

This case underscores the importance of considering viral encephalitis as a differential diagnosis for acute neuropsychiatric presentations associated with fever, particularly in patients residing in endemic areas.
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Letter to the Editor

PCC
Shame and Alcohol Use Disorder
Letter to the Editor

July 9, 2026

The authors focus on a barrier to successful treatment for AUD: a patient’s sense of shame regarding their own heavy drinking.
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PCC
Peer Support to Prevent Suicide Among Medical Students
Letter to the Editor

May 14, 2026

The authors describe a peer support panel discussion designed to address suicide prevention, allowing medical students to actively participate in addressing critical mental health challenges they face in their…
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PCC
Take “Oedipus” Off
Letter to the Editor

May 12, 2026

The authors examine justification for using the name of Oedipus to identify a psychoanalytic concept concerning children aged 3–6 years describing attraction to the parent of the opposite sex…
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PCC
Catatonia, Neurocognitive Disorders, and End-of-Life Care
Letter to the Editor

April 28, 2026

The authors present a combined cohort of 4 patients with baseline neurocognitive disorders who developed catatonia shortly before death.
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PCC
Psychopharmacotherapy Updates
Letter to the Editor

April 7, 2026

The authors provide an update for busy prescribers on the latest FDA-approved psychotropic medications.
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PCC
Psychosis and Kratom
Letter to the Editor

March 10, 2026

The authors discuss the possible association between psychosis and kratom use.
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More Articles from The Primary Care Companion for DNS Disorders

PCC
NMDA Receptor Antagonists in Pediatric Autism
Systematic Review

July 9, 2026

The authors review available data concerning the usage, efficacy, and side effects of memantine and amantadine, both NMDA receptor antagonists, in children with autism spectrum disorder.
, , , et al
PCC
The Dual Role of Media in Addiction
Brief Report

July 7, 2026

Media has a dual role in shaping perceptions of addiction: it can perpetuate stigma and inequity or serve as a tool for empathy and evidence-based advocacy.
PCC
Shared Possession Trance Disorder in 4 Children
Case Report

May 28, 2026

Four children from the same household experienced recurrent fainting episodes accompanied by changes in speech, facial expression, and mannerisms.
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PCC
Ventilation Weaning, Anxiety, and Valproic Acid
Case Report

May 28, 2026

The authors present the case of a man with Guillan Barre syndrome, whose mechanical ventilation weaning was prolonged, in part, by anxiety.
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PCC
Scrambler Therapy for Neuropathic Pain
Case Report

May 26, 2026

Scrambler therapy is an innovative treatment option for patients with chronic neuropathic pain, especially for those who do not respond to conventional interventions.
, , , et al
PCC
ECT for Psychosis in Huntington Disease-Like 2
Case Report

May 19, 2026

A 47-year-old woman with genetically confirmed Huntington disease-like 2 had refractory psychosis and functional decline but responded well to electroconvulsive therapy.
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PCC
Manifestations Associated With CNS Lesions
Rounds in the General Hospital

May 19, 2026

Neuropsychiatric manifestations of brain metastases are varied, although certain symptoms can be associated with the brain region in which there is a metastasis; lesions that affect certain parts of…
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PCC
Adjunct Memantine for Inappropriate Sexual Behavior
Case Report

May 14, 2026

Two patients with intellectual disability and major neurocognitive disorder exhibited inappropriate sexual behavior that significantly decreased after memantine was added as adjunctive therapy.
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PCC
From Physical to Digital: Hoarding Phenomena in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Case Report

May 14, 2026

This case illustrates how hoarding phenomenology can manifest in digital environments, which offer virtually unlimited storage, anonymity, and low visibility.
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PCC
Aripiprazole-Induced Pathological Gambling
Case Report

May 7, 2026

A 27-year-old man with a history of substance abuse developed a new-onset compulsive gambling pattern within weeks of starting aripiprazole.
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PCC
Strategies for Documenting the Medical Record
Rounds in the General Hospital

May 7, 2026

Documentation should be objective and relevant, especially in psychosocially complex cases—too much information can interfere with establishing the correct diagnosis and treatment plan, while too little increases risk of…
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PCC
Clozapine-Associated Pulmonary Embolism
Case Report

May 5, 2026

A 48-year-old woman with schizoaffective disorder taking clozapine developed acute pulmonary embolism despite negative D-dimer results.
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